The Evolution of Dogs: Science Reveals Their Transformation into Even Better Companions

How Dogs Have Changed Their Role in Society

Historically, dogs were valued for their skills in hunting, herding, and protecting homes. However, over time, their role has evolved into that of loyal and affectionate companions. This shift has had a notable impact on their biology, particularly in the hormone oxytocin, which strengthens social bonds.

According to an article published in El Adelantado, researchers have discovered that dogs, especially those trained for assistance, have developed a greater sensitivity to this hormone. This indicates that their domestication has not only modified their behavior but also their genetic evolution.

Oxytocin and the Connection with Humans

A study conducted in 2017 by scientists from Linköping University in Sweden explored how dogs have developed skills to cooperate with humans. The main hypothesis was that oxytocin played a key role in this process, as this hormone influences social bonds.

To test this, researchers observed 60 golden retrievers facing a challenge: trying to open a treat jar designed to remain closed. DNA samples were taken from each dog to analyze their oxytocin receptor, and they were given nasal sprays with either oxytocin or saline solution.

The results were revealing. Dogs with a specific genetic variant of the oxytocin receptor showed a greater sensitivity to the hormone and were more likely to seek help from their owners when they couldn't open the jar. This suggests that the ability to socialize and cooperate is not just a matter of training but is also influenced by genetics.

The Evolution of Dogs in Modern Society

Canine behavior experts, such as Brian Hare and Vanessa Woods, state that dogs are undergoing a new phase of domestication. As they have transitioned from being mere workers to becoming family members, their behavior and biology have changed along with them.

Programs like the Puppy Kindergarten at Duke University's Canine Cognition Center study how different training methods influence the behavior and cognitive development of dogs. According to Woods and Hare, service dogs are evolving to better adapt to 21st-century life, displaying more developed social intelligence and a stronger connection with humans.

From Guardians to Life Companions

Decades ago, dogs mainly lived outdoors and performed specific tasks. Before the 1990s, many families raised them in large yards where they could move freely. However, urban growth and changes in the relationship with pets have transformed their lifestyle. Today, most dogs live indoors, getting used to leash walks and coexisting in smaller spaces.

These environmental changes have also shaped their behavior and development, making modern dogs more social and dependent on humans than their ancestors. Thanks to science, we now know that the bond between dogs and humans is not just based on love and training but also on biology and evolution. Our furry friends are truly designed to be the best companions!

What do you think about this evolution of dogs? Have you noticed changes in how dogs interact with humans today? Leave us a comment and share your experience!

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